Class 09

Review Master/Parent Pages

Chapter/Lesson 3

Lesson03.zip

Master/Parent Pages vs Pages

Adding guides to the Master/Parent Page

Dragging Guides from rulers

Also tweak with the X input box in the control panel if necessary

Creating a text frame on the Master/Parent Page

Next, let's add a footer by drag-duplicating the header down to the bottom. Weird, but that's what the book wants us to do.

SEQUENCE MATTERS

  1. Switch to Selection Tool (V)
  2. Click-release on left text frame
  3. Shift-Click-release on right text frame (this selects both text frames)
  4. Option-Click-hold on the selected frames
  5. Hold down the shift key and drag the frames to the bottom
  6. Let the frames snap to the center of the bottom margin guide
  7. Release
  • With the Select tool set the vertical alignment to Bottom in the Control Panel
  • Set the font to Myriad Pro, Regular, 10pt, and use Menu > Type > Change Cast > Title Case
  • Then change the text from Garden News to Urban Garden Oasis

    • Renaming the Master/Parent Page

    Good labeling is a really useful skill. It will save you time later on when the inevitable changes come in at the last minute. And it's just a Best Practice* technique.

    * A best practice is a method or technique that has been generally accepted as superior to any alternatives because it produces results that are superior to those achieved by other means or because it has become a standard way of doing things

    Adding Placeholder Frames for Text

    Adding placeholder frames for graphics

    Creating an additional Master/Parent Page

    You can create multiple Master/Parent Pages within a document (in fact, that's kind of the whole point to a Master/Parent Page). You can build them independently or base one Master/Parent Page on another Master/Parent Page. If you base a Master/Parent Page on another master, it's called a parent/child relationship, with the first Master/Parent Page as the parent and the subsequent Master/Parent Page the child. Any change made to the parent master is automatically applied to the child master.

    Overriding Master Items

    The document pages that will use the two-column layout do not require placeholder frame, which means that only the footer text frames and ruler guides from the A parent Master/Parent Page are needed. Overriding a Master Frame object requires a special UI gesture to unlock it.

    Modifying a Parent Master

    We'll add some stuff to the header of A-3-column Layout and see what it does to B-2-column Layout. We'll also take advantage of InDesign's snippets, which allow you to create a group of objects that can be quickly imported to several masters or documents

    Applying Master/Parent Pages To Document Pages

    By default, the A Master/Parent Page was been applied to all the pages in the document when you specified the number of pages. You can apply any Master/Parent Page to a Page page by drag and dropping it onto the page in the Page panel. You can also apply a no Master or [none] Master type to a page the same way.

    Notice the page numbers are correctly displayed!

    Chapter/Lesson 7: Working With Typography

    Lesson 7 Download

    Continuing on our typography journey...

    Adjusting Vertical Spacing

    Vertical spacing as referenced in our text isn't just about leading, but it's also about spacing between blocks of type - usually in the form of paragraphs - and things like keeping blocks of text together when they flow across pages and columns.

    Changing the Spacing Between Paragraphs

    You can set spacing before, after, or before and after paragraphs. Before and after spacing is accumulative, that is, they get added together if they're both there, so it's best to use only one.

    Spacing Between Paragraphs

    Space Before A caveat about Space Before paragraphs: It won't add space before a paragraph at the top of text frame. To add space before a paragraph at the top of a text frame (or any text for that matter) use Text Frame Options, Inset Top.

    Space After Probably a better and more reliable choice for spacing between paragraphs, unless you use the next one.

    Space Between Puts a consistent amount of space between paragraphs of the same style. Overrides any Space Before or Space After settings. Combining this, you could have consistent spacing between paragraphs of the same style, but add more space (or less) between blocks of paragraphs with different styles. This is a new feature, and I think it's meant to reproduce the behavior of spacing between paragraphs in HTML.


    There's a good Adobe Support article on formatting paragraphs here.

    Working With Fonts, Type Styles, and Glyphs

    Fonts are kept by the operating system except Adobe Cloud fonts. A font is usually more than just a font, it's usually part of a Font Family, which includes different flavors of a given font name. We can think of the different properties of a Font as what we can manipulate in InDesign with the various panels. These include:

    Adding A Font from Adobe Fonts

    Since, as students, you're not entitled to Adobe Fonts, I'll demo this without your needing to follow along

    • With either the Control Panel at the top of the screen, or the Character panel, click on the Font Family menu
    • Choose the Find More tab
    • Find Adboe Caslon Pro (6)
    • Click on the Download from Cloud button
    • Check that it's now in the Font tab

    Font Formats

    TRUETYPE (.TTF)

    TrueType is a font format that was developed by Apple and was eventually licensed to Microsoft. They only require one file, but a separate file needs to be added for each member of the font family (regular, italic, bold, condensed, etc). TrueType fonts can be unreliable for publishing.

    OPENTYPE (.OTF & .TTF)

    OpenType is a newer font type built on the TrueType format that supports an expanded charater set (smallcaps, ligatures, glyphs, and alternative gylphs). OpenType fonts were created by Adobe and Microsoft, and offer cross-compatibility. They are ideal for graphic designers and desktop publishing software like InDesign, offering outline and bitmap data for the font in one file. It's recommended to use OpenType whenever possible.

    EMBEDDED OPENTYPE (EOT) / WEB OPEN FONT FORMAT (WOFF) / SCALABLE VECTOR GRAPHICS (SVG)

    EOT and WOFF, are formats strickly for web browsers and mobile devices and not particularly relevant to our use of InDesign. SVG is a relatively new format that's not well supported yet, but it's cool because it supports color, gradients and textures in letterforms.

    Applying a Font, Style, Size, and Leading

    Adding A Special Character

    Robust OpenType files can also contain special non-character based forms, or glyphs

    Finding Fonts in the Type Menu

    Name Search: Just start typing in the search field in the Font Family field

    Filter By Class: Nice visual interface for Sans Serif, Serif, Slab Serif, Script, Blackletter, Monospaced, Hand Written, Decorative, Weight, Width, Contrast (between thin horizontals and thick verticals), Upper & Lower Case or All Upper Case, Lining Figures (numbers all between baseline and cap height) and Oldstyle Figures (numbers with descenders and variable x-heights)

    Favorites: You can pick'm with the UI so they're easy to find

    Font Similarity: Sets the list below to similar fonts. New feature since 2017, kind of nice. Might be part of Adobe's new AI engine, Sensei.

    Applying A Stroke And Fill To Text

    Unlike Illustrator, this actually does it the right way and applies the stroke to the outside of the glyph, and not centered on the path. Those of you who've had my Illustration class will know how much this bugs me.

    Inserting Fraction Characters

    The recipe in our sample file uses a number, a diagonal slash, and another number to make a fraction. Not usually good form. Minion Pro has fraction glyphs for common fractions which look much better. It also has all the glyphs needed to make any fraction, like 1234/5678.

    You can also create just about any fraction possible with Numerators and Denominators in the Minion (and Caslon) Pro fonts

    Working With Columns

    It's all in the magic of Text Frame Options...

    Specifying Columns For A Text Frame

    Creating A Straddle Head

    Adjusting Columns

    Changing Paragraph Alignment

    Let's align a bunch of stuff with the Paragraph Panel's buttons, shortcut keys, and the Control Panel's buttons

    Icons Defined

    Align Left
    (Most common)    		 Align Center
    (Somewhat less common)    		 Align Right
    (Unusual. Usually for callouts on the left side and very short phrases)
    Justify With Last Line Aligned Left
    (Common)    		 Justify With Last Line Aligned Center
    (Unusual)    		 Justify With Last Line Aligned Right
    (Very rare)
    Justify All Lines
    (Very rare)    		 Align Toward Spine
    (Sometimes useful for 2 page spread layouts)    		 Align Away From Spine
    (Sometimes useful for 2 page spread layouts)

    Hanging Punctuation Outside The Margin

    For as long as I have been a designer, there's been battles waged over Hanging Punctuation, To Use or Not To Use? Basically it means when you set a block of type to justified, should the hyphens, commas, periods, and other puncutation marks hang past the edge of the bounding box or stick inside.

    Basically this, normal punctuation:

    Versus this, hanging punctuation:

    The function is burried in the Story panel! I suppose because you want it to affect the entire Story, and not just a text frame. Me, I would have put it in Text Frame Options...

    Creating A Drop Cap

    Slick trick! Very old-timey feeling, harkens to the middle ages and illuminated manuscripts, where the first letter on a page was oversized and lavishly illustrated. Some books and magazines still use the idea, greatly simplified, where the first letter of a paragraph is larger then the paragraph text and spans 2 or more lines. I use it on my website just to show off my HTML chops (it's hard to code)

    Dropcap Hack

    Sometimes you want the spacing between the first letter and first word to be tighter, but is seems like you can't kern the first line of the drop cap without also affecting the other lines, but there is a hack:

    First, set extra kerning between the "S" and "ure"...

    ...then insert a white space character with Menu Type Insert White Space Nonbreaking Space...

    ...then set the kerning to a large negative value.

    Adjusting Letter And Word Spacing

    Well-designed fonts have a lot of data in them about how far apart any two pairs of letters are from each other. These are called Kerning Pairs, and they're a part of the font file that contains the font outlines. It's a tricky business, with no set rules about how to adjust these distances. It's done by the trained eye of the typeface designer(s). There's even a cool game online about guessing the best spacing.

    InDesign, Illustrator, and most other applications that allow changing the distance between letters use two modes to do so. One is kerning, which give spacing control over any pair of two letters, and tracking, which gives spacing control over two or more letters.

    Kerning UI

    Tracking UI

    This separation between kerning and tracking allows you to set custom kerning between several letter pairs in a single word, then apply tracking to the entire word and maintain the distince kerning relationships between letter pairs even though their pair spacing has changed from the non-tracked word.

    Adjusting the Tracking and Kerning

    Adjusting Line Breaks

    Hyphenation and line breaks at the end of each line of text in a paragraph affects readability and impact. InDesign has three ways to affect line breaks:

    1. The Adobe Single-Line Composer and Adobe Paragraph Composer
    2. Hyphenation settings (under...)
    3. The Balance Ragged Lines feature

    So, in theory, these three samples below should look different:

    But, they don't. Or they often don't. Seems to work at 13pt. The Balanced Ragged lines seems to have an effect, but Single-line and Paragraph Composer look the same to me. And it makes no visible difference in our Strawberries example either. Too subtle for me. Download this file to check it out.

    Hyphenation Settings

    You can control the way words hyphenate (or not) thru the Paragraph panel, and control the number of letters that need to be together before a word will hyphenate. 'Nuff said, I think. Let's skip the settings bit.

    Inserting A Manual Line Break

    Not the same as a Paragraph mark, (the Return or Enter key). Easy Peazy Lemon Squeezy, just hold the shift key when you press the Return or Enter key.

    Setting Tabs

    Tabs are weird, but useful. They don't exist in HTML, and it's a real drag that they don't.

    Aligning Text to Tabs and Adding Tab Leaders

    Working With Tabs

    Demo:

    Creating a Numbered List With A Hanging Indent

    Easy until you want to control the hanging indent distance...

    Hanging Indents and Bulleted Lists

    The UI is confusing and sometimes hard to manipulate, but there's two other ways to affect the hanging bullets and numbers.

    With the little triangles in the Tab UI

    With the values in the Control Panel (and Paragraph Panel) for Indent and Tab Inset. These have to be set in the correct sequence as well, or you'll get an error message.

    Working With Paragraph Shading/Coloring and Rules

    Applying Shading/Color To A Paragraph

    Applying A Rule To A Paragraph

    CHAPTER 07
    Review Questions

    1. What is the advantage of specifying a space before/after value for paragraphs rather than entering extra paragraph returns to add space?
    2. What is a glyph and how do you insert them into text?
    3. A drop cap affects a character, so why is it specified as a paragraph format?
    4. What is a tab leader?
    5. What is the difference between kerning and tracking?
    6. What is the difference between the Adobe Paragraph Composer and the Adobe Single-Line Composer?