Photoshop Brushes Continued
There are 14 different tools that use the Brush Engine in Photoshop. But for our purposes, let's just consider these 4:
Brush Tool
Mixer Brush Tool
Eraser Tool
Smudge Tool
First, let's choose the Brush tool from the Toolbar
Next, let's pick a brush, like Soft Round from the Brushes panel
And let's break down the most relevant settings. Many of the settings are irrelevant or useless, but the most important three are:
- Brush Tip Shape
- Shape Dynamics
- Transfer
Brush Tip Shape
Note: You can create your own brush shape by drawing it then selecting
Menu Edit Define Brush Preset...
This controls the shape of the brush. You can even capture a shape from the document window to use as a brush shape (advanced, but maybe we'll cover it later). There are 30 different tip shapes used in the Default Brushes. You can control:
- Default Size
- Overridden by the [ and ] keys and by Control+Option (Mac) Alt+Right Mouse (Win) Drag left/right
- Unlike other properties, Size is not usually set as a part of the brushes properties, so when you return to the brush after using another, it will be the last size it got set to (unless you set it up that way when you create the brush)
- Roundness and Angle
- Controls the aspect ratio of the brush tip shape. Can be flipped with the two check boxes.
- Default Hardness
- How soft or hard the edge of the brush tip shape is. 0% is as soft as possible, 100% the hardest
- Override by the [ and ] keys and by Control+Option (Mac) Alt+Right Mouse (Win) Drag left/right
- Spacing
- The distance between imprints of the brush tip shape, in percent of the tip's size. 1% minimum is as close as they can be set together, 1000% the maximum.
Shape Dynamics
This allow the stylus to control the Size, Angle and Roundness of the brush. Mostly, it's what allows a brush to react to pen stylus pressure
- Size Jitter
- Jitter is an important concept in Photoshop brushes. It's what gives a sense of randomness and
non-computerness
to a given property. In essence, it randomly changes the value of a property. Measured as a percentage of the maximum range (sort of).
- Size Control (first Control popup)
- Popup menu to select the control method for the Size of the brush tip shape. You can choose from Off, Fade, Pen Pressure, Pen Tilt, and Stylus Wheel
- Fade: Let's the brush size fade out as the line is drawn out
- Pen Pressure: The most common use for a graphic tablet. The harder you press the stylus, the more the brush size changes.
Some pens have a sensitivity level between 0 and 1023, while some have between 0 and 2047 (some go even bigger). I don't think it's humanly possible to sense that many levels.
- Pen Tilt: Most tablets can give feedback on the tilted angle of the stylus relative to its surface, from 90° to around 40°. This can be used by Photoshop as a control. Personally, I've never been able to make it useful
- Stylus Wheel: Some tablet styluses have wheels built into them like the scroll wheel on a mouse (on the left). Made to act like a traditional airbrush (on the right).
- Minimum Diameter
- The diameter of the brush when the lightest pen pressure is applied
- Tilt Scale
- Only available if the Control of the Size is set to Pen Tilt
- Angle Jitter and Angle Control
- Usually the Control of the Angle is set to the Pen Tilt control. I've never been able to get the hang of it...
- Roundness Jitter and Roundness Control
- You could use pen pressure for this, but it's mostly useless
Transfer
Transfer contains two important properties, Opacity and Flow. Opacity, as we know, can also be controlled with the Number keys at the top of the keyboard, and is pretty much what it sounds like. You can also think of it as Transparency, but the higher the Opacity value is, the more opaque the brush is.
Flow, on the other hand, is the amount of color the brush lays down as if moves over itself and when the brush isn't lifted off the document. Hard to explain, works best with Airbrush style brushes and a few others... Mostly, it's handy for building up color slowly with multiple passes of the brush.
Opacity set to 50, Flow set to 100%. Notice that the diagonal stroke is a second drop of the brush and you can see the layering of the opacities
Opacity set to 100, Flow set to 5%. This example is one single stroke. Notice that the color builds up and becomes more opaque at the bottom where I've used multiple passes (without lifting) of the brush.
The other Brush Settings (and there are a lot of them) are less important for now.
Using the Control Panel
The Control Panels is that widget at the top of the Photoshop UI, just under the Menus. It's context sensitive, so it gives you information and access to settable properties for the currently chosen tool. For the Brush tool it looks like this:
Beyond Basic Brushes
Dry Media, Wet Media, & Special Effects by Kyle
Who the heck is Kyle anyway?
Kyle T. Webster is a professional illustrator whose built a massive amount of custom brushes for Adobe Photoshop. They got to be so popular that Adobe has licensed them to be built some of them into Photoshop and made hundreds more available through the Adobe Creative Cloud. It was getting to where there were so many legacy
brushes in earlier versions of Photoshop that they were impossible for Adobe to maintain, so they pulled them from Photoshop CC 2018 and substitued a set of 20 brushes created by Kyle. You can activate the legacy brushes through the Brushes panel, but I wouldn't. They're a mess and badly organized. Instead, if you need a kind of brush to do a specific sort of thing, go to the Creative Cloud and download a set.
Be aware that some of the brushes in the three categories are not Brushes, but are sometimes Smudge tools, Erasers, and Mixer Brush tools (more on Mixer Brushes later).
The easiest way to get new Kyle (and other) brushes is to choose the Get More Brushes...
, which will take you to the Creative Cloud. This requires a Creative Cloud account, which you may or may not have. For now, I suggest sticking with the ones that ship with Photoshop.
But if you do want Kyle's Photoshop brushes, get them from our Canvas site, here, which has the same set of brushes but also with some help pages that demo what the brushes in a given set look like.
Dry Media Brushes
Emulates traditional dry media, like pencils, charcoal, and pastels
Regular pencil. Uses paper texture
Softer pencil. Uses paper texture
Really soft pencil. Uses paper texture
Like a charcoal stick. Uses paper texture
Not a brush! An eraser! Check out the icon in the upper right.
Wet Media Brushes
Emulates traditional wet media, like water color, oil and acrylic paints
Like a thick nibbed pen
Similar to previous, but with some paper texture
Not a brush but a blender! Very useful.
Has a beat-up brush texture
Thick goopy brush texture
Interesting. Gives a very Painterly effect.
Special Effects Brushes
A catch-all category for things that sort of don't exist in the real world, like Spatter, Foliage, Scratch, and Screentones.
Legacy Brushes
Photoshop still has all it's old brushes, but you have to explicitly load them into Photoshop to use them. You don't need a Creative Cloud accounto to access them, either. There are two sets, both found under the popup menu in the Brushes panel: Converted Legacy Tool Presets and Legacy Brushes. I'm not sure why there are two sets, but you have to seperately load them if you want to use them.
To load them, just pick them from the popup menu and click on the OK button in the dialog that appears:
Better than average brushes
Don't waste your time brushes
This effectively gives you 624 new brushes (!), divided into two folders, Converted Legacy Tool Presets and Legacy Brushes, within which are multiple folders with multiple brushes. Probably 90% are useless.
Converted legacy tool presets (144)
precision cursor (caps lock on)
